Osteoarthritis, or "wear and tear" arthritis, is a common degenerative disease that can affect any joint in the body. The hand has many joints that can become inflamed when the smooth cartilage (cushioning) at the end of bones begins to wear away. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and being unable to move the joint. If left untreated, the bones in the joint can lose their normal shape, resulting in more pain and less movement. Typically seen in older people, the condition comes on gradually over time and injury such as a fracture can increase the chance of developing it.
Diagnosing Osteoarthritis of the Hand
Physical Exam
Your physician will ask you a series of questions and is likely to do a physical exam. The physical exam will including examining any specific areas of concern, especially as they relate to the reason for your visit to the office.
X-Rays
A form of electromagnetic radiation with very high frequency and energy. X-rays are used to examine and make images of things such as the bones and organs inside the body.
MRI
This test uses a magnetic field, radiofrequency pulses, and a computer to produce detailed images of body structures in multiple places. You may be injected with a contrast agent for better imaging, and you will most likely lie on a moving table as pictures are taken. MRI is a more detailed tool than x-ray and ultrasound and for certain organs or areas of the body, it provides better images than CT. MRI may not be recommended if you have a pacemaker or other metal implants.
Blood Tests
A common tool for disease screening, blood tests provide information about many substances in the body, such as blood cells, hormones, minerals, and proteins.
Treatments for Osteoarthritis of the Hand
Bracing/Splinting
A splint, also known as a brace, is a rigid device that holds a body part in place so that it is unable to move. It is usually used as a treatment for a suspected fracture, sprain/ligament damage, or other injury. It can be applied by first responders in the event of trauma. Splints can reduce pain, aid in proper healing, and can also prevent further injury. They can be worn for several days or weeks to hold the body part in place for the duration of healing time.
Corticosteroid injections
Also known as cortisone shots, these are injections that may help relieve pain and inflammation in a specific area of the body. Cortisone shots are most commonly given into joints — such as the ankle, elbow, hip, knee, shoulder, spine, and wrist.
Surgery for Osteoarthritis of the Hand
There are many surgical options for osteoarthritis of the hand. If there is any way the joint can be preserved or reconstructed, this option is usually chosen. When the damage has progressed to a point that the hand will no longer work, a joint replacement or a fusion is performed. Joint fusions provide pain relief, but the fused joint no longer moves. Finally, the goal of joint replacement is to provide pain relief and restore function.